Emission factors

Emission factors are usually expressed as the mass of a pollutant per unit of the emissions-producing activity (e.i., weight, volume, distance, or duration of the activity emitting the pollutant).

For instance:

Kilograms of CO₂ per liter of diesel burned
Grams of methane per head of livestock per day
Kilograms of particulates per megagram of coal combusted

Activity data (electricity) ✖️ Emission Factor (power plant) 🟰 GHG emissions (CO2)

Coefficient Framework

Klappir’s Coefficient Framework governs how activity data becomes measurable outcomes such as emissions, energy, or physical quantities.

It provides a unified foundation for all calculations across the Klappir Platform, ensuring that every conversion and emission factor is sourced, reviewed, and maintained under a transparent and auditable process.

The framework aligns with the GHG Protocol, ensuring methodological integrity, data traceability, and comparability across reporting years.

By standardizing how data is interpreted, converted, and linked to emission factors, the Coefficient Framework ensures accuracy, repeatability, and consistency, empowering customers to produce high-quality, verifiable sustainability data and reports.

Coefficient Quality Assurance

Klappir’s coefficient quality assurance – aka coefficient system – defines how emission factors are sourced, reviewed, and maintained.

All coefficients are assigned a coverage tier (or category) with distinct sourcing, accuracy, and review requirements:

Category	Priority	Review Frequency	Description
Critical	Accuracy over accessibility	Annually	For key classifications/regions. Carefully sourced and validated.
General	Accessibility over accuracy	Annually	Broad datasets for wide applicability and fallbacks.
Ad-hoc	Flexible, one-off use	Upon request	For specific requests/use-cases; not in routine update cycle.

Klappir's Conversion Framework

A Conversion defines how activity data is standardized and linked to the correct emission factors in the Klappir Platform. Each conversion combines several key attributes to ensure that data is interpreted and calculated consistently:

Classification: the primary key used to identify the correct emission factor.
Country: applied where location-specific factors are relevant.
Input and output units: define how data is converted between measurement types.
Conversion type: describes the relationship between data and the resulting value (for example, converting activity data to emission data).

Why it matters:

Conversions make it possible to maintain continuity across years, ensure comparability between datasets, and provide full transparency in how values are maintained and updated.

Conversion categories & example units

Category	Conversion Type	Example Units
Emissions	activity_to_emissions	kgCO₂e/pkm, kgCO₂e/roomnight
Emissions	quantity_to_emissions	kgCO₂e/kg, kgCO₂e/l
Energy	energy_to_quantity	kg/kWh, l/kWh
Energy	quantity_to_energy	kWh/kg, kWh/l
Physical	mass_to_volume	l/kg, m³/kg
Physical	volume_to_mass	kg/l, kg/m³, kg/Nm³

Methodology & Governance

Klappir follows a structured governance process to ensure that all coefficients and emission factors remain accurate, transparent, and aligned with international standards.

Annual Update Cycle

Each year, Klappir reviews and updates its coefficients through a four-step process beginning in the fourth quarter (Q4):

Sourcing: Coefficients are gathered from verified datasets, research, and authoritative sources such as government agencies and international organizations, guided by the GHG Protocol’s principles for selecting the most relevant and reliable data available.

Review & Approval: The Coefficient Committee reviews all proposed updates to confirm accuracy, coverage, and consistency across data categories.

Implementation & Testing: Approved coefficients are integrated into a controlled environment and tested using representative customer data to verify accuracy and platform compatibility.

Deployment & Continuous Updates: Once validated, the updated coefficients are released to the live system. Urgent or non-annual updates follow the same review and testing process to maintain data quality and traceability.

The Coefficient Committee

All coefficients and emission factors are reviewed and approved by Klappir’s Coefficient Committee before being published to the platform. The committee ensures that every update follows a consistent process, uses reliable sources, and is clearly documented for transparency and auditability.

How Data Is Matched to Emission Factors?

When you import activity data, either manually or through a data connection, Klappir automatically links it to the right emission factors in the database.

This ensures that every piece of data is converted and calculated using the most relevant and up-to-date factors available.

How the Matching Works

Each imported file creates a Data Set in the system.
Klappir looks at the classification in each record to find the correct emission factor.
If applicable, other details such as country or supplier help narrow the match for greater accuracy.

Once matched, the emission factors are applied automatically. Any data that can’t be matched right away is kept safely in the Data Set until it’s reviewed and mapped later.

Planning to have your statement audited?

You will need to request from us a specific document for audit at service@klappir.com - as that documentation is tailor-made for each statement customer to support your audit trail.